File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

What Is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

The term file transfer protocol (FTP) refers to a process that involves the transfer of files between devices over a network. The process works when one party allows another to send or receive files over the internet. Originally used as a way for users to communicate and exchange information between two physical devices, it is now commonly used to store files in the cloud, which is usually a secure location that is held remotely.1

FTP may be used by a business or individual to transfer files from one computer system to another or by websites to upload or download files from their servers.

Key Takeaways

• File transfer protocol is a way to download, upload, and transfer files from one location to another on the internet and between computer systems.
• FTP enables the transfer of files back and forth between computers or through the cloud.
• Users require an internet connection in order to execute FTP transfers.
• FTP is an essential tool for those who build and maintain websites.
• Many FTP clients are free to download, although most websites already have the FTP built-in.

How File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Works

File transfer protocol allows individuals and businesses to share electronic files with others without having to be in the same space. This can be done using an FTP client or through the cloud. Regardless of the option, both parties require a working internet connection.2

Most web browsers come with FTP clients that enable users to transfer files from their computer to a server and vice versa. Some users may want to use a third-party FTP client because many of them offer extra features. Examples of FTP clients that are free to download include FileZilla Client, FTP Voyager, WinSCP, CoffeeCup Free FTP, and Core FTP.

Many people have used FTP before without even realizing it. If you have ever downloaded a file from a web page, you’ve used FTP. The first step is to log in, which may occur automatically or by manually inputting a username and password. FTP will also require you to access an FTP server through a specific port number. Once you access the FTP server through your FTP client, you can now transfer files. Not all public FTP servers require you to sign in because some servers enable you to access them anonymously.2

As noted above, FTP was originally developed as a way to send and receive files between two physical computers. But with changes in technology, users can execute file transfers through the cloud. Using the cloud allows transfers to be done conveniently and safely (which could protect individuals and companies from data breaches), and with relatively low cost.3

The term FTP client refers to the software that allows you to transfer files to another party.

Special Considerations

File transfer protocol is one of many different protocols that dictate how computers and computing systems behave on the internet. Other such protocols include the:

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Designed to transmit data across the web 4
• Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): Provides access to bulletin board or email messages from a shared service5
• Network Time Protocol (NTP): Synchronizes clock times on computers over a network6

FTP enables computers on the internet to transfer files back and forth. As such, it is an essential tool for those building and maintaining websites today.

What to Look for in an FTP Client

Individual FTP clients provide different features that allow users to modify the way they upload and download files. For instance, if you use FileZilla, the program lets you set bandwidth limits for files. This enables you to control upload and download speeds, which can be helpful if you manage multiple file transfers at once.

Other features you may want to look for in an FTP client include public-key authentication, the ability to set file compression levels, or tools that enable you to search a server using file masks.

Example of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

FTP software is relatively straightforward to set up. FileZilla is a free, downloadable FTP client. Type in the address of the server you wish to access, the port, and the password for accessing the server.

Once access has been granted, the user’s files on their local system as well as the accessed server will be visible. The user can download files from the server to the local system, or upload files from the local system to the server. They can also make changes to files on the server, as long as they have the proper authorization to do so. Compete Risk Free with $100,000 in Virtual Cash Put your trading skills to the test with our FREE Stock Simulator. Compete with thousands of Investopedia traders and trade your way to the top! Submit trades in a virtual environment before you start risking your own money. Practice trading strategies so that when you’re ready to enter the real market, you’ve had the practice you need. Try our Stock Simulator today >>